SIJ dysfunction

The sacroiliac joints are the two joints formed between the sacrum of the spine (hence sacro) and the two iliac or hip bones (hence iliac!). They provide the connection between your spine and your lower body. These joint are now known to cause back pain in some individuals, but is the number of people affected by SI joint pain, considerably underestimated?

The function of the SI joints is to provide gliding movements between the two bones, which transmit motion between our upper and lower bodies. As well as allowing these movements, the joints must provide stability for the core of the body.

SIJ dysfunction can refer to one of two problems: hypomobility and hypermobility. Hypomobility is where the joint do not move enough. They are stiff and may even be locked. Hypermobility is where the joints move too much, compromising stability.

The symptoms of SIJ dysfunction therefore vary. The most common symptoms include

Pain very low down in the back
Pain is often located on one side
Pain may refer into the buttock or leg
Stiffness in the mornings or after long periods of rest
Pain is common following driving, bending over and trying to put socks on!

Assessment techniques and treatment for SIJ dysfunction remain controversial due to the complexity of the area, movement patterns and variety of techniques and therapists who deal with the condition.
Commonly, treatment involves:

Rest from aggravating activities
Anti-inflammatories (may require a prescription)
Massage to the surrounding areas
Electrotherapy to ease pain
Mobilisation from a qualified professional
A rehabilitation programme to correct causative factors.
Corticosteroid injections are used in severe, persistent cases

The sacroiliac joint should be considered in all cases of lower back pain.

Heidi Mills BSc (Hons) GSR is a graduate sports rehabilitator who runs a clinic in Norwich, UK. She also works for www.sportsinjuryclinic.net Click here to find out more about the sacroiliac joint